use std::collections::HashSet;

use devise::{*, ext::{TypeExt, SpanDiagnosticExt}};

use syn::{visit_mut::VisitMut, visit::Visit};
use proc_macro2::{TokenStream, TokenTree, Span};
use quote::{ToTokens, TokenStreamExt};

use crate::syn_ext::IdentExt;
use crate::name::Name;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum FieldName {
    Cased(Name),
    Uncased(Name),
}

#[derive(FromMeta)]
pub struct FieldAttr {
    pub name: Option<FieldName>,
    pub validate: Option<SpanWrapped<syn::Expr>>,
    pub default: Option<syn::Expr>,
    pub default_with: Option<syn::Expr>,
}

impl FieldAttr {
    const NAME: &'static str = "field";
}

pub(crate) trait FieldExt {
    fn ident(&self) -> Option<&syn::Ident>;
    fn member(&self) -> syn::Member;
    fn context_ident(&self) -> syn::Ident;
    fn field_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<FieldName>>;
    fn first_field_name(&self) -> Result<Option<FieldName>>;
    fn stripped_ty(&self) -> syn::Type;
    fn name_buf_opt(&self) -> Result<TokenStream>;
}

#[derive(FromMeta)]
pub struct VariantAttr {
    pub value: Name,
}

impl VariantAttr {
    const NAME: &'static str = "field";
}

pub(crate) trait VariantExt {
    fn first_form_field_value(&self) -> Result<FieldName>;
    fn form_field_values(&self) -> Result<Vec<FieldName>>;
}

impl VariantExt for Variant<'_> {
    fn first_form_field_value(&self) -> Result<FieldName> {
        let value = VariantAttr::from_attrs(VariantAttr::NAME, &self.attrs)?
            .into_iter()
            .next()
            .map(|attr| FieldName::Uncased(attr.value))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| FieldName::Uncased(Name::from(&self.ident)));

        Ok(value)
    }

    fn form_field_values(&self) -> Result<Vec<FieldName>> {
        let attr_values = VariantAttr::from_attrs(VariantAttr::NAME, &self.attrs)?
            .into_iter()
            .map(|attr| FieldName::Uncased(attr.value))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        if attr_values.is_empty() {
            return Ok(vec![FieldName::Uncased(Name::from(&self.ident))]);
        }

        Ok(attr_values)
    }
}

impl FromMeta for FieldName {
    fn from_meta(meta: &MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
        // These are used during parsing.
        const CONTROL_CHARS: &[char] = &['&', '=', '?', '.', '[', ']'];

        fn is_valid_field_name(s: &str) -> bool {
            // The HTML5 spec (4.10.18.1) says 'isindex' is not allowed.
            if s == "isindex" || s.is_empty() {
                return false
            }

            // We allow all visible ASCII characters except `CONTROL_CHARS`.
            s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_graphic() && !CONTROL_CHARS.contains(&c))
        }

        let field_name = match Name::from_meta(meta) {
            Ok(name) => FieldName::Cased(name),
            Err(_) => {
                #[derive(FromMeta)]
                struct Inner {
                    #[meta(naked)]
                    uncased: Name
                }

                let expr = meta.expr()?;
                let item: MetaItem = syn::parse2(quote!(#expr))?;
                let inner = Inner::from_meta(&item)?;
                FieldName::Uncased(inner.uncased)
            }
        };

        if !is_valid_field_name(field_name.as_str()) {
            let chars = CONTROL_CHARS.iter()
                .map(|c| format!("{:?}", c))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(", ");

            return Err(meta.value_span()
                .error("invalid form field name")
                .help(format!("field name cannot be `isindex` or contain {}", chars)));
        }

        Ok(field_name)
    }
}

impl std::ops::Deref for FieldName {
    type Target = Name;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        match self {
            FieldName::Cased(n) | FieldName::Uncased(n) => n,
        }
    }
}

impl ToTokens for FieldName {
    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
        (self as &Name).to_tokens(tokens)
    }
}

impl PartialEq for FieldName {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        use FieldName::*;

        match (self, other) {
            (Cased(a), Cased(b)) => a == b,
            (Cased(a), Uncased(u)) | (Uncased(u), Cased(a)) => a == u.as_uncased_str(),
            (Uncased(u1), Uncased(u2)) => u1.as_uncased_str() == u2.as_uncased_str(),
        }
    }
}

fn member_to_ident(member: syn::Member) -> syn::Ident {
    match member {
        syn::Member::Named(ident) => ident,
        syn::Member::Unnamed(i) => format_ident!("__{}", i.index, span = i.span),
    }
}

impl FieldExt for Field<'_> {
    fn ident(&self) -> Option<&syn::Ident> {
        self.ident.as_ref()
    }

    fn member(&self) -> syn::Member {
        match self.ident().cloned() {
            Some(ident) => syn::Member::Named(ident),
            None => syn::Member::Unnamed(syn::Index {
                index: self.index as u32,
                span: self.ty.span()
            })
        }
    }

    /// Returns the ident used by the context generated for the `FromForm` impl.
    /// This is _not_ the field's ident and should not be used as such.
    fn context_ident(&self) -> syn::Ident {
        member_to_ident(self.member())
    }

    // With named existentials, this could return an `impl Iterator`...
    fn field_names(&self) -> Result<Vec<FieldName>> {
        let attr_names = FieldAttr::from_attrs(FieldAttr::NAME, &self.attrs)?
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|attr| attr.name)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        if attr_names.is_empty() {
            if let Some(ident) = self.ident() {
                return Ok(vec![FieldName::Cased(Name::from(ident))]);
            }
        }

        Ok(attr_names)
    }

    fn first_field_name(&self) -> Result<Option<FieldName>> {
        Ok(self.field_names()?.into_iter().next())
    }

    fn stripped_ty(&self) -> syn::Type {
        self.ty.with_stripped_lifetimes()
    }

    fn name_buf_opt(&self) -> Result<TokenStream> {
        let (span, field_names) = (self.span(), self.field_names()?);
        define_spanned_export!(span => _form);

        Ok(field_names.first()
            .map(|name| quote_spanned!(span => Some(#_form::NameBuf::from((__c.__parent, #name)))))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| quote_spanned!(span => None::<#_form::NameBuf>)))
    }
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct RecordMemberAccesses {
    reference: bool,
    accesses: HashSet<(syn::Ident, bool)>,
}

impl<'a> Visit<'a> for RecordMemberAccesses {
    fn visit_expr_reference(&mut self, i: &'a syn::ExprReference) {
        self.reference = true;
        syn::visit::visit_expr_reference(self, i);
        self.reference = false;
    }

    fn visit_expr_field(&mut self, i: &syn::ExprField) {
        if let syn::Expr::Path(e) = &*i.base {
            if e.path.is_ident("self") {
                let ident = member_to_ident(i.member.clone());
                self.accesses.insert((ident, self.reference));
            }
        }

        syn::visit::visit_expr_field(self, i);
    }
}

struct ValidationMutator<'a> {
    field: Field<'a>,
    visited: bool,
}

impl ValidationMutator<'_> {
    fn visit_token_stream(&mut self, tt: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
        use TokenTree::*;

        let mut iter = tt.into_iter();
        let mut stream = TokenStream::new();
        while let Some(tt) = iter.next() {
            match tt {
                Ident(s3lf) if s3lf == "self" => {
                    match (iter.next(), iter.next()) {
                        (Some(Punct(p)), Some(Ident(i))) if p.as_char() == '.' => {
                            let field = syn::parse_quote!(#s3lf #p #i);
                            let mut expr = syn::Expr::Field(field);
                            self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr);
                            expr.to_tokens(&mut stream);
                        },
                        (tt1, tt2) => stream.append_all(&[Some(Ident(s3lf)), tt1, tt2]),
                    }
                },
                TokenTree::Group(group) => {
                    let tt = self.visit_token_stream(group.stream());
                    let mut new = proc_macro2::Group::new(group.delimiter(), tt);
                    new.set_span(group.span());
                    let group = TokenTree::Group(new);
                    stream.append(group);
                }
                tt => stream.append(tt),
            }
        }

        stream
    }
}

impl VisitMut for ValidationMutator<'_> {
    fn visit_expr_call_mut(&mut self, call: &mut syn::ExprCall) {
        // Only modify the first call we see.
        if self.visited {
            return syn::visit_mut::visit_expr_call_mut(self, call);
        }

        self.visited = true;
        let accessor = self.field.context_ident().with_span(self.field.ty.span());
        call.args.insert(0, syn::parse_quote!(#accessor));
        syn::visit_mut::visit_expr_call_mut(self, call);
    }

    fn visit_macro_mut(&mut self, mac: &mut syn::Macro) {
        mac.tokens = self.visit_token_stream(mac.tokens.clone());
        syn::visit_mut::visit_macro_mut(self, mac);
    }

    fn visit_ident_mut(&mut self, i: &mut syn::Ident) {
        // replace `self` with the context ident
        if i == "self" {
            *i = self.field.context_ident().with_span(self.field.ty.span());
        }
    }

    fn visit_expr_mut(&mut self, i: &mut syn::Expr) {
        fn inner_field(i: &syn::Expr) -> Option<syn::Expr> {
            if let syn::Expr::Field(e) = i {
                if let syn::Expr::Path(p) = &*e.base {
                    if p.path.is_ident("self") {
                        let member = &e.member;
                        return Some(syn::parse_quote!(#member));
                    }
                }
            }

            None
        }

        // replace `self.field` and `&self.field` with `field`
        if let syn::Expr::Reference(r) = i {
            if let Some(expr) = inner_field(&r.expr) {
                if let Some(ref m) = r.mutability {
                    m.span()
                        .warning("`mut` has no effect in FromForm` validation")
                        .note("`mut` is being discarded")
                        .emit_as_item_tokens();
                }

                *i = expr;
            }
        } else if let Some(expr) = inner_field(&i) {
            *i = expr;
        }

        syn::visit_mut::visit_expr_mut(self, i);
    }
}

pub fn validators<'v>(field: Field<'v>) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = syn::Expr> + 'v> {
    Ok(FieldAttr::from_attrs(FieldAttr::NAME, &field.attrs)?
        .into_iter()
        .chain(FieldAttr::from_attrs(FieldAttr::NAME, field.parent.attrs())?)
        .filter_map(|a| a.validate)
        .map(move |mut expr| {
            let mut record = RecordMemberAccesses::default();
            record.accesses.insert((field.context_ident(), true));
            record.visit_expr(&expr);

            let mut v = ValidationMutator { field, visited: false };
            v.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr);

            let span = expr.key_span.unwrap_or(field.ty.span());
            let matchers = record.accesses.iter().map(|(member, _)| member);
            let values = record.accesses.iter()
                .map(|(member, is_ref)| {
                    if *is_ref { quote_spanned!(span => &#member) }
                    else { quote_spanned!(span => #member) }
                });

            let matchers = quote_spanned!(span => (#(Some(#matchers)),*));
            let values = quote_spanned!(span => (#(#values),*));
            let name_opt = field.name_buf_opt().unwrap();

            define_spanned_export!(span => _form);
            let expr: syn::Expr = syn::parse_quote_spanned!(span => {
                #[allow(unused_parens)]
                let __result: #_form::Result<'_, ()> = match #values {
                    #matchers => #expr,
                    _ => Ok(()),
                };

                let __e_name = #name_opt;
                __result.map_err(|__e| match __e_name {
                    Some(__name) => __e.with_name(__name),
                    None => __e
                })
            });

            expr
        }))
}

/// Take an $expr in `default = $expr` and turn it into a `Some($expr.into())`.
///
/// As a result of calling `into()`, type inference fails for two common
/// expressions: integer literals and the bare `None`. As a result, we cheat: if
/// the expr matches either condition, we pass them through unchanged.
fn default_expr(expr: &syn::Expr) -> TokenStream {
    use syn::{Expr, Lit, ExprLit};

    if matches!(expr, Expr::Path(e) if e.path.is_ident("None")) {
        quote!(#expr)
    } else if matches!(expr, Expr::Lit(ExprLit { lit: Lit::Int(_), .. })) {
        quote_spanned!(expr.span() => Some(#expr))
    } else {
        quote_spanned!(expr.span() => Some({ #expr }.into()))
    }
}

pub fn default<'v>(field: Field<'v>) -> Result<Option<TokenStream>> {
    let field_attrs = FieldAttr::from_attrs(FieldAttr::NAME, &field.attrs)?;
    let parent_attrs = FieldAttr::from_attrs(FieldAttr::NAME, field.parent.attrs())?;

    // Expressions in `default = `, except for `None`, are wrapped in `Some()`.
    let mut expr = field_attrs.iter()
        .chain(parent_attrs.iter())
        .filter_map(|a| a.default.as_ref()).map(default_expr);

    // Expressions in `default_with` are passed through directly.
    let mut expr_with = field_attrs.iter()
        .chain(parent_attrs.iter())
        .filter_map(|a| a.default_with.as_ref())
        .map(|e| e.to_token_stream());

    // Pull the first `default` and `default_with` expressions.
    let (default, default_with) = (expr.next(), expr_with.next());

    // If there are any more of either, emit an error.
    if let (Some(e), _) | (_, Some(e)) = (expr.next(), expr_with.next()) {
        return Err(e.span()
            .error("duplicate default field expression")
            .help("at most one `default` or `default_with` is allowed"));
    }

    // Emit the final expression of type `Option<#ty>` unless both `default` and
    // `default_with` were provided in which case we error.
    let ty = field.stripped_ty();
    match (default, default_with) {
        (Some(e1), Some(e2)) => {
            Err(e1.span()
                .error("duplicate default expressions")
                .help("only one of `default` or `default_with` must be used")
                .span_note(e2.span(), "other default expression is here"))
        },
        (Some(e), None) | (None, Some(e)) => {
            Ok(Some(quote_spanned!(e.span() => {
                let __default: Option<#ty> = if __opts.strict {
                    None
                } else {
                    #e
                };

                __default
            })))
        },
        (None, None) => Ok(None)
    }
}

pub fn first_duplicate<K: Spanned, V: PartialEq + Spanned>(
    keys: impl Iterator<Item = K> + Clone,
    values: impl Fn(&K) -> Result<Vec<V>>,
) -> Result<Option<((usize, Span, Span), (usize, Span, Span))>> {
    let (mut all_values, mut key_map) = (vec![], vec![]);
    for key in keys {
        all_values.append(&mut values(&key)?);
        key_map.push((all_values.len(), key));
    }

    // get the key corresponding to all_value index `k`.
    let key = |k| key_map.iter().find(|(i, _)| k < *i).expect("k < *i");

    for (i, a) in all_values.iter().enumerate() {
        let mut rest = all_values.iter().enumerate().skip(i + 1);
        if let Some((j, b)) = rest.find(|(_, b)| *b == a) {
            let (a_i, key_a) = key(i);
            let (b_i, key_b) = key(j);

            let a = (*a_i, key_a.span(), a.span());
            let b = (*b_i, key_b.span(), b.span());
            return Ok(Some((a, b)));
        }
    }

    Ok(None)
}