Trait core::cmp::PartialEq

pub trait PartialEq<Rhs: ?Sized = Self> {
    // Required method
    fn eq(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool;

    // Provided method
    fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { ... }
}

Trait for equality comparisons.

x.eq(y) can also be written x == y, and x.ne(y) can be written x != y. We use the easier-to-read infix notation in the remainder of this documentation.

This trait allows for partial equality, for types that do not have a full equivalence relation. For example, in floating point numbers NaN != NaN, so floating point types implement PartialEq but not Eq. Formally speaking, when Rhs == Self, this trait corresponds to a partial equivalence relation.

Implementations must ensure that eq and ne are consistent with each other:

• a != b if and only if !(a == b).

The default implementation of ne provides this consistency and is almost always sufficient. It should not be overridden without very good reason.

If PartialOrd or Ord are also implemented for Self and Rhs, their methods must also be consistent with PartialEq (see the documentation of those traits for the exact requirements). It’s easy to accidentally make them disagree by deriving some of the traits and manually implementing others.

The equality relation == must satisfy the following conditions (for all a, b, c of type A, B, C):

• Symmetric: if A: PartialEq<B> and B: PartialEq<A>, then a == b implies b == a; and

• Transitive: if A: PartialEq<B> and B: PartialEq<C> and A: PartialEq<C>, then a == b and b == c implies a == c.

Note that the B: PartialEq<A> (symmetric) and A: PartialEq<C> (transitive) impls are not forced to exist, but these requirements apply whenever they do exist.

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive]. When derived on structs, two instances are equal if all fields are equal, and not equal if any fields are not equal. When derived on enums, two instances are equal if they are the same variant and all fields are equal.

How can I implement PartialEq?

An example implementation for a domain in which two books are considered the same book if their ISBN matches, even if the formats differ:

enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

impl PartialEq for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.isbn == other.isbn
    }
}

let b1 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Paperback };
let b2 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Ebook };
let b3 = Book { isbn: 10, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

assert!(b1 == b2);
assert!(b1 != b3);

How can I compare two different types?

The type you can compare with is controlled by PartialEq’s type parameter. For example, let’s tweak our previous code a bit:

// The derive implements <BookFormat> == <BookFormat> comparisons
#[derive(PartialEq)]
enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

// Implement <Book> == <BookFormat> comparisons
impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &BookFormat) -> bool {
        self.format == *other
    }
}

// Implement <BookFormat> == <Book> comparisons
impl PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool {
        *self == other.format
    }
}

let b1 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

assert!(b1 == BookFormat::Paperback);
assert!(BookFormat::Ebook != b1);

By changing impl PartialEq for Book to impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book, we allow BookFormats to be compared with Books.

A comparison like the one above, which ignores some fields of the struct, can be dangerous. It can easily lead to an unintended violation of the requirements for a partial equivalence relation. For example, if we kept the above implementation of PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat and added an implementation of PartialEq<Book> for Book (either via a #[derive] or via the manual implementation from the first example) then the result would violate transitivity:

#[derive(PartialEq)]
enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

#[derive(PartialEq)]
struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &BookFormat) -> bool {
        self.format == *other
    }
}

impl PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool {
        *self == other.format
    }
}

fn main() {
    let b1 = Book { isbn: 1, format: BookFormat::Paperback };
    let b2 = Book { isbn: 2, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

    assert!(b1 == BookFormat::Paperback);
    assert!(BookFormat::Paperback == b2);

    // The following should hold by transitivity but doesn't.
    assert!(b1 == b2); // <-- PANICS
}

Examples

let x: u32 = 0;
let y: u32 = 1;

assert_eq!(x == y, false);
assert_eq!(x.eq(&y), false);

Required Methods

fn eq(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Provided Methods

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

Implementors

impl PartialEq<Infallible> for Infallible

impl PartialEq<Alignment> for core::fmt::Alignment

impl PartialEq<IpAddr> for IpAddr

impl PartialEq<IpAddr> for Ipv4Addr

impl PartialEq<IpAddr> for Ipv6Addr

impl PartialEq<Ipv6MulticastScope> for Ipv6MulticastScope

impl PartialEq<SocketAddr> for SocketAddr

impl PartialEq<FpCategory> for FpCategory

impl PartialEq<IntErrorKind> for IntErrorKind

impl PartialEq<Which> for Which

impl PartialEq<SearchStep> for SearchStep

impl PartialEq<Ordering> for core::sync::atomic::Ordering

impl PartialEq<Ordering> for core::cmp::Ordering

impl PartialEq<bool> for bool

impl PartialEq<char> for char

impl PartialEq<f32> for f32

impl PartialEq<f64> for f64

impl PartialEq<i8> for i8

impl PartialEq<i16> for i16

impl PartialEq<i32> for i32

impl PartialEq<i64> for i64

impl PartialEq<i128> for i128

impl PartialEq<isize> for isize

impl PartialEq<!> for !

impl PartialEq<str> for str

impl PartialEq<u8> for u8

impl PartialEq<u16> for u16

impl PartialEq<u32> for u32

impl PartialEq<u64> for u64

impl PartialEq<u128> for u128

impl PartialEq<()> for ()

impl PartialEq<usize> for usize

impl PartialEq<AllocError> for AllocError

impl PartialEq<Layout> for Layout

impl PartialEq<LayoutError> for LayoutError

impl PartialEq<TypeId> for TypeId

impl PartialEq<CpuidResult> for CpuidResult

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.

impl PartialEq<CharTryFromError> for CharTryFromError

impl PartialEq<DecodeUtf16Error> for DecodeUtf16Error

impl PartialEq<ParseCharError> for ParseCharError

impl PartialEq<TryFromCharError> for TryFromCharError

impl PartialEq<CStr> for CStr

impl PartialEq<FromBytesUntilNulError> for FromBytesUntilNulError

impl PartialEq<FromBytesWithNulError> for FromBytesWithNulError

impl PartialEq<Error> for Error

impl PartialEq<PhantomPinned> for PhantomPinned

impl PartialEq<Assume> for Assume

impl PartialEq<AddrParseError> for AddrParseError

impl PartialEq<Ipv4Addr> for IpAddr

impl PartialEq<Ipv4Addr> for Ipv4Addr

impl PartialEq<Ipv6Addr> for IpAddr

impl PartialEq<Ipv6Addr> for Ipv6Addr

impl PartialEq<SocketAddrV4> for SocketAddrV4

impl PartialEq<SocketAddrV6> for SocketAddrV6

impl PartialEq<NonZeroI8> for NonZeroI8

impl PartialEq<NonZeroI16> for NonZeroI16

impl PartialEq<NonZeroI32> for NonZeroI32

impl PartialEq<NonZeroI64> for NonZeroI64

impl PartialEq<NonZeroI128> for NonZeroI128

impl PartialEq<NonZeroIsize> for NonZeroIsize

impl PartialEq<NonZeroU8> for NonZeroU8

impl PartialEq<NonZeroU16> for NonZeroU16

impl PartialEq<NonZeroU32> for NonZeroU32

impl PartialEq<NonZeroU64> for NonZeroU64

impl PartialEq<NonZeroU128> for NonZeroU128

impl PartialEq<NonZeroUsize> for NonZeroUsize

impl PartialEq<ParseFloatError> for ParseFloatError

impl PartialEq<ParseIntError> for ParseIntError

impl PartialEq<TryFromIntError> for TryFromIntError

impl PartialEq<RangeFull> for RangeFull

impl PartialEq<Alignment> for core::ptr::Alignment

impl PartialEq<ParseBoolError> for ParseBoolError

impl PartialEq<Utf8Error> for Utf8Error

impl PartialEq<RawWaker> for RawWaker

impl PartialEq<RawWakerVTable> for RawWakerVTable

impl PartialEq<Duration> for Duration

impl PartialEq<TryFromFloatSecsError> for TryFromFloatSecsError

impl<'a> PartialEq<Location<'a>> for Location<'a>

impl<'a> PartialEq<Utf8Chunk<'a>> for Utf8Chunk<'a>

impl<A, B> PartialEq<[B]> for [A]where A: PartialEq<B>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<&[B]> for [A; N]where A: PartialEq<B>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<&mut [B]> for [A; N]where A: PartialEq<B>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<[A; N]> for &[B]where B: PartialEq<A>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<[A; N]> for &mut [B]where B: PartialEq<A>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<[A; N]> for [B]where B: PartialEq<A>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<[B; N]> for [A; N]where A: PartialEq<B>,

impl<A, B, const N: usize> PartialEq<[B]> for [A; N]where A: PartialEq<B>,

impl<A, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&B> for &Awhere A: PartialEq<B> + ?Sized,

impl<A, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&B> for &mut Awhere A: PartialEq<B> + ?Sized,

impl<A, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&mut B> for &Awhere A: PartialEq<B> + ?Sized,

impl<A, B: ?Sized> PartialEq<&mut B> for &mut Awhere A: PartialEq<B> + ?Sized,

impl<B: PartialEq, C: PartialEq> PartialEq<ControlFlow<B, C>> for ControlFlow<B, C>

impl<Dyn: ?Sized> PartialEq<DynMetadata<Dyn>> for DynMetadata<Dyn>

impl<F: FnPtr> PartialEq<F> for F

impl<H> PartialEq<BuildHasherDefault<H>> for BuildHasherDefault<H>

impl<Idx: PartialEq> PartialEq<Range<Idx>> for Range<Idx>

impl<Idx: PartialEq> PartialEq<RangeFrom<Idx>> for RangeFrom<Idx>

impl<Idx: PartialEq> PartialEq<RangeInclusive<Idx>> for RangeInclusive<Idx>

impl<Idx: PartialEq> PartialEq<RangeTo<Idx>> for RangeTo<Idx>

impl<Idx: PartialEq> PartialEq<RangeToInclusive<Idx>> for RangeToInclusive<Idx>

impl<P: Deref, Q: Deref> PartialEq<Pin<Q>> for Pin<P>where P::Target: PartialEq<Q::Target>,

impl<T> PartialEq<(T,)> for (T₁, T₂, …, Tₙ)where T: ?Sized + PartialEq,

This trait is implemented for tuples up to twelve items long.

impl<T> PartialEq<Discriminant<T>> for Discriminant<T>

impl<T, const LANES: usize> PartialEq<Mask<T, LANES>> for Mask<T, LANES>where T: MaskElement + PartialEq, LaneCount<LANES>: SupportedLaneCount,

impl<T, const LANES: usize> PartialEq<Simd<T, LANES>> for Simd<T, LANES>where LaneCount<LANES>: SupportedLaneCount, T: SimdElement + PartialEq,

impl<T: PartialEq + Copy> PartialEq<Cell<T>> for Cell<T>

impl<T: PartialEq + ?Sized> PartialEq<ManuallyDrop<T>> for ManuallyDrop<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Bound<T>> for Bound<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Option<T>> for Option<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Poll<T>> for Poll<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<OnceCell<T>> for OnceCell<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Saturating<T>> for Saturating<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Wrapping<T>> for Wrapping<T>

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Reverse<T>> for Reverse<T>

impl<T: PartialEq, E: PartialEq> PartialEq<Result<T, E>> for Result<T, E>

impl<T: ?Sized + PartialEq> PartialEq<RefCell<T>> for RefCell<T>

impl<T: ?Sized> PartialEq<*const T> for *const T

impl<T: ?Sized> PartialEq<*mut T> for *mut T

impl<T: ?Sized> PartialEq<PhantomData<T>> for PhantomData<T>

impl<T: ?Sized> PartialEq<NonNull<T>> for NonNull<T>

impl<Y: PartialEq, R: PartialEq> PartialEq<GeneratorState<Y, R>> for GeneratorState<Y, R>