Trait rocket::request::FromParam

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pub trait FromParam<'a>: Sized {
    type Error: Debug;

    // Required method
    fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
}
Expand description

Trait to convert a dynamic path segment string to a concrete value.

This trait is used by Rocket’s code generation facilities to parse dynamic path segment string values into a given type. That is, when a path contains a dynamic segment <param> where param has some type T that implements FromParam, T::from_param will be called.

Forwarding

If the conversion fails, the incoming request will be forwarded to the next matching route, if any. For instance, consider the following route and handler for the dynamic "/<id>" path:

#[get("/<id>")]
fn hello(id: usize) -> String {
    ...
}

If usize::from_param returns an Ok(usize) variant, the encapsulated value is used as the id function parameter. If not, the request is forwarded to the next matching route. Since there are no additional matching routes, this example will result in a 404 error for requests with invalid id values.

Catching Errors

Sometimes, a forward is not desired, and instead, we simply want to know that the dynamic path segment could not be parsed into some desired type T. In these cases, types of Option<T> or Result<T, T::Error> can be used. These types implement FromParam themselves. Their implementations always return successfully, so they never forward. They can be used to determine if the FromParam call failed and to retrieve the error value from the failed from_param call.

For instance, imagine you’ve asked for an <id> as a usize. To determine when the <id> was not a valid usize and retrieve the string that failed to parse, you can use a Result<usize, &str> type for the <id> parameter as follows:

#[get("/<id>")]
fn hello(id: Result<usize, &str>) -> String {
    match id {
        Ok(id_num) => format!("usize: {}", id_num),
        Err(string) => format!("Not a usize: {}", string)
    }
}

Provided Implementations

Rocket implements FromParam for several standard library types. Their behavior is documented here.

    • Primitive types: f32, f64, isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, bool
    • IpAddr and SocketAddr types: IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr
    • NonZero* types: NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize

    A value is parsed successfully if the from_str method from the given type returns successfully. Otherwise, the raw path segment is returned in the Err value.

  • &str, String

    This implementation always returns successfully.

    Returns the percent-decoded path segment with invalid UTF-8 byte sequences replaced by � U+FFFD.

  • Option<T> where T: FromParam

    This implementation always returns successfully.

    The path segment is parsed by T’s FromParam implementation. If the parse succeeds, a Some(parsed_value) is returned. Otherwise, a None is returned.

  • Result<T, T::Error> where T: FromParam

    This implementation always returns successfully.

    The path segment is parsed by T’s FromParam implementation. The returned Result value is returned.

Example

Say you want to parse a segment of the form:

[a-zA-Z]+:[0-9]+

into the following structure, where the string before the : is stored in key and the number after the colon is stored in value:

struct MyParam<'r> {
    key: &'r str,
    value: usize
}

The following implementation accomplishes this:

use rocket::request::FromParam;

impl<'r> FromParam<'r> for MyParam<'r> {
    type Error = &'r str;

    fn from_param(param: &'r str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        // We can convert `param` into a `str` since we'll check every
        // character for safety later.
        let (key, val_str) = match param.find(':') {
            Some(i) if i > 0 => (&param[..i], &param[(i + 1)..]),
            _ => return Err(param)
        };

        if !key.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic()) {
            return Err(param);
        }

        val_str.parse()
            .map(|value| MyParam { key, value })
            .map_err(|_| param)
    }
}

With the implementation, the MyParam type can be used as the target of a dynamic path segment:

#[get("/<key_val>")]
fn hello(key_val: MyParam) -> String {
    ...
}

Required Associated Types§

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type Error: Debug

The associated error to be returned if parsing/validation fails.

Required Methods§

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Parses and validates an instance of Self from a path parameter string or returns an Error if parsing or validation fails.

Implementations on Foreign Types§

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroI128

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a, T: FromParam<'a>> FromParam<'a> for Option<T>

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type Error = Infallible

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for SocketAddrV6

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroU32

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for f64

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for u32

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for String

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type Error = Empty

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<String, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for u64

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for u16

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroU64

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for i16

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for bool

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for isize

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroU16

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for &'a str

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type Error = Empty

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<&'a str, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for u8

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for SocketAddr

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroU128

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for i32

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for i8

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for IpAddr

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for i64

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroIsize

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for SocketAddrV4

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for Ipv6Addr

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for u128

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for Ipv4Addr

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for i128

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for PathBuf

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type Error = PathError

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroI64

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroUsize

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroI32

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for f32

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroU8

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a, T: FromParam<'a>> FromParam<'a> for Result<T, T::Error>

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type Error = Infallible

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroI16

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for usize

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

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impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for NonZeroI8

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type Error = &'a str

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fn from_param(param: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Implementors§