Struct figment::Figment

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pub struct Figment { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

Combiner of Providers for configuration value extraction.

Overview

A Figment combines providers by merging or joining their provided data. The combined value or a subset of the combined value can be extracted into any type that implements Deserialize. Additionally, values can be nested in profiles, and a profile can be selected via Figment::select() for extraction; the profile to be extracted can be retrieved with Figment::profile() and defaults to Profile::Default. The top-level docs contain a broad overview of these topics.

Conflict Resolution

Conflicts arising from two providers providing values for the same key are resolved via one of four strategies: join, adjoin, merge, and admerge. In general, join and adjoin prefer existing values while merge and admerge prefer later values. The ad- strategies additionally concatenate conflicting arrays whereas the non-ad- strategies treat arrays as non-composite values.

The table below summarizes these strategies and their behavior, with the column label referring to the type of the value pointed to by the conflicting keys:

StrategyDictionariesArraysAll Others
joinUnion, RecurseKeep ExistingKeep Existing
adjoinUnion, RecurseConcatenateKeep Existing
mergeUnion, RecurseUse IncomingUse Incoming
admergeUnion, RecurseConcatenateUse Incoming

Description

If both keys point to a dictionary, the dictionaries are always unioned, irrespective of the strategy, and conflict resolution proceeds recursively with each key in the union.

If both keys point to an array:

  • join uses the existing value
  • merge uses the incoming value
  • adjoin and admerge concatenate the arrays

If both keys point to a non-composite (String, Num, etc.) or values of different kinds (i.e, array and num):

  • join and adjoin use the existing value
  • merge and admerge use the incoming value

For examples, refer to each strategy’s documentation.

Extraction

The configuration or a subset thereof can be extracted from a Figment in one of several ways:

A “key path” is a string of the form a.b.c (e.g, item, item.fruits, etc.) where each component delimited by a . is a key for the dictionary of the preceding key in the path, or the root dictionary if it is the first key in the path. See Value::find() for examples.

Metadata

Every value collected by a Figment is accompanied by the metadata produced by the value’s provider. Additionally, Metadata::provide_location is set by from, merge and join to the caller’s location. Metadata can be retrieved in one of several ways:

Implementations§

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impl Figment

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pub fn new() -> Self

Creates a new Figment with the default profile selected and no providers.

use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new();
assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 0);
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pub fn from<T: Provider>(provider: T) -> Self

Creates a new Figment with the default profile selected and an initial provider.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::providers::Env;

let figment = Figment::from(Env::raw());
assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 1);
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pub fn join<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Joins provider into the current figment. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner original"]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner replaced", "new" => "value"]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.join(new_figment); // **join**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "original"); // existing value retained

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1"]); // existing value retained

let map: Map<String, String> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "string".into() => "inner original".into(), // existing value retained
    "new".into() => "value".into(), // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added
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pub fn adjoin<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Joins provider into the current figment while concatenating vectors. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 1"]]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 2"], "new" => vec!["value"]]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.adjoin(new_figment); // **adjoin**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "original"); // existing value retained

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1", "item 2"]); // arrays concatenated

let map: Map<String, Vec<String>> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "vec".into() => vec!["inner item 1".into(), "inner item 2".into()], // arrays concatenated
    "new".into() => vec!["value".into()], // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added
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pub fn merge<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Merges provider into the current figment. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner original"]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner replaced", "new" => "value"]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.merge(new_figment); // **merge**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "replaced"); // incoming value replaced existing

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 2"]); // incoming value replaced existing

let map: Map<String, String> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "string".into() => "inner replaced".into(), // incoming value replaced existing
    "new".into() => "value".into(), // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added
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pub fn admerge<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Merges provider into the current figment while concatenating vectors. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 1"]]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 2"], "new" => vec!["value"]]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.admerge(new_figment); // **admerge**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "replaced"); // incoming value replaced existing

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1", "item 2"]); // arrays concatenated

let map: Map<String, Vec<String>> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "vec".into() => vec!["inner item 1".into(), "inner item 2".into()], // arrays concatenated
    "new".into() => vec!["value".into()], // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added
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pub fn select<P: Into<Profile>>(self, profile: P) -> Self

Sets the profile to extract from to profile.

Example
use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new().select("staging");
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "staging");
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pub fn focus(&self, key: &str) -> Self

Returns a new Figment containing only the sub-dictionaries at key.

This “sub-figment” is a focusing of self with the property that:

  • self.find(key + ".sub") <=> focused.find("sub")

In other words, all values in self with a key starting with key are in focused without the prefix and vice-versa.

Example
use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        cat = [1, 2, 3]
        dog = [4, 5, 6]

        [subtree]
        cat = "meow"
        dog = "woof!"

        [subtree.bark]
        dog = true
        cat = false
    "#)?;

    let root = Figment::from(Toml::file("Config.toml"));
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<Vec<u8>>("cat").unwrap(), vec![1, 2, 3]);
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<Vec<u8>>("dog").unwrap(), vec![4, 5, 6]);
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<String>("subtree.cat").unwrap(), "meow");
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<String>("subtree.dog").unwrap(), "woof!");

    let subtree = root.focus("subtree");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<String>("cat").unwrap(), "meow");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<String>("dog").unwrap(), "woof!");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<bool>("bark.cat").unwrap(), false);
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<bool>("bark.dog").unwrap(), true);

    let bark = subtree.focus("bark");
    assert_eq!(bark.extract_inner::<bool>("cat").unwrap(), false);
    assert_eq!(bark.extract_inner::<bool>("dog").unwrap(), true);

    let not_a_dict = root.focus("cat");
    assert!(not_a_dict.extract_inner::<bool>("cat").is_err());
    assert!(not_a_dict.extract_inner::<bool>("dog").is_err());

    Ok(())
});
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pub fn extract<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>(&self) -> Result<T>

Deserializes the collected value into T.

Example
use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
struct Config {
    name: String,
    numbers: Option<Vec<usize>>,
    debug: bool,
}

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"
        numbers = [1, 2, 3, 10]
    "#)?;

    jail.set_env("config_name", "env-test");

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "name": "json-test",
            "debug": true
        }
    "#)?;

    let config: Config = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .merge(Env::prefixed("CONFIG_"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract()?;

    assert_eq!(config, Config {
        name: "env-test".into(),
        numbers: vec![1, 2, 3, 10].into(),
        debug: true
    });

    Ok(())
});
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pub fn extract_inner<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>(&self, key: &str) -> Result<T>

Deserializes the value at the key path in the collected value into T.

Example
use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        numbers = [1, 2, 3, 10]
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"{ "debug": true } "#)?;

    let numbers: Vec<usize> = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract_inner("numbers")?;

    assert_eq!(numbers, vec![1, 2, 3, 10]);

    Ok(())
});
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pub fn metadata(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Metadata>

Returns an iterator over the metadata for all of the collected values in the order in which they were added to self.

Example
use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json}};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
    .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 2);
for (i, md) in figment.metadata().enumerate() {
    match i {
        0 => assert!(md.name.starts_with("TOML")),
        1 => assert!(md.name.starts_with("JSON")),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}
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pub fn profile(&self) -> &Profile

Returns the selected profile.

Example
use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new();
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "default");

let figment = figment.select("staging");
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "staging");
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pub fn profiles(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Profile>

Returns an iterator over profiles with valid configurations in this figment. Note: this may not include the selected profile if the selected profile has no configured values.

Example
use figment::{Figment, providers::Serialized};

let figment = Figment::new();
let profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
assert_eq!(profiles.len(), 0);

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hey").profile("debug"));

let mut profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
profiles.sort();
assert_eq!(profiles, &["debug", "default"]);

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi").profile("release"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi").profile("testing"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hey").profile("staging"))
    .select("debug");

let mut profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
profiles.sort();
assert_eq!(profiles, &["release", "staging", "testing"]);
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pub fn find_value(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Value>

Finds the value at key path in the combined value. See Value::find() for details on the syntax for key.

Example
use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"

        [package]
        name = "my-package"
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "author": { "name": "Bob" }
        }
    "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

    let name = figment.find_value("name")?;
    assert_eq!(name.as_str(), Some("test"));

    let package_name = figment.find_value("package.name")?;
    assert_eq!(package_name.as_str(), Some("my-package"));

    let author_name = figment.find_value("author.name")?;
    assert_eq!(author_name.as_str(), Some("Bob"));

    Ok(())
});
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pub fn find_metadata(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&Metadata>

Finds the metadata for the value at key path. See Value::find() for details on the syntax for key.

Example
use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#" name = "test" "#)?;
    jail.set_env("CONF_AUTHOR", "Bob");

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Env::prefixed("CONF_").only(&["author"]));

    let name_md = figment.find_metadata("name").unwrap();
    assert!(name_md.name.starts_with("TOML"));

    let author_md = figment.find_metadata("author").unwrap();
    assert!(author_md.name.contains("CONF_"));
    assert!(author_md.name.contains("environment"));

    Ok(())
});
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pub fn get_metadata(&self, tag: Tag) -> Option<&Metadata>

Returns the metadata with the given tag if this figment contains a value with said metadata.

Example
use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#" name = "test" "#)?;
    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#" { "author": "Bob" } "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

    let name = figment.find_value("name").unwrap();
    let metadata = figment.get_metadata(name.tag()).unwrap();
    assert!(metadata.name.starts_with("TOML"));

    let author = figment.find_value("author").unwrap();
    let metadata = figment.get_metadata(author.tag()).unwrap();
    assert!(metadata.name.starts_with("JSON"));

    Ok(())
});

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for Figment

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fn clone(&self) -> Figment

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Figment

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Default for Figment

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fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more
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impl Provider for Figment

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fn metadata(&self) -> Metadata

Returns the Metadata for this provider, identifying itself and its configuration sources.
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fn data(&self) -> Result<Map<Profile, Dict>>

Returns the configuration data.
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fn profile(&self) -> Option<Profile>

Optionally returns a profile to set on the Figment this provider is merged into. The profile is only set if self is merged.

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Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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Returns self with the bg() set to Color::BrightBlue.

Example
println!("{}", value.on_bright_blue());
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fn on_bright_magenta(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the bg() set to Color::BrightMagenta.

Example
println!("{}", value.on_bright_magenta());
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fn on_bright_cyan(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the bg() set to Color::BrightCyan.

Example
println!("{}", value.on_bright_cyan());
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fn on_bright_white(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the bg() set to Color::BrightWhite.

Example
println!("{}", value.on_bright_white());
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fn attr(&self, value: Attribute) -> Painted<&T>

Enables the styling Attribute value.

This method should be used rarely. Instead, prefer to use attribute-specific builder methods like bold() and underline(), which have the same functionality but are pithier.

Example

Make text bold using attr():

use yansi::{Paint, Attribute};

painted.attr(Attribute::Bold);

Make text bold using using bold().

use yansi::Paint;

painted.bold();
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fn bold(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Bold.

Example
println!("{}", value.bold());
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fn dim(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Dim.

Example
println!("{}", value.dim());
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fn italic(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Italic.

Example
println!("{}", value.italic());
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fn underline(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Underline.

Example
println!("{}", value.underline());

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Blink.

Example
println!("{}", value.blink());

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::RapidBlink.

Example
println!("{}", value.rapid_blink());
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fn invert(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Invert.

Example
println!("{}", value.invert());
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fn conceal(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Conceal.

Example
println!("{}", value.conceal());
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fn strike(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the attr() set to Attribute::Strike.

Example
println!("{}", value.strike());
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fn quirk(&self, value: Quirk) -> Painted<&T>

Enables the yansi Quirk value.

This method should be used rarely. Instead, prefer to use quirk-specific builder methods like mask() and wrap(), which have the same functionality but are pithier.

Example

Enable wrapping using .quirk():

use yansi::{Paint, Quirk};

painted.quirk(Quirk::Wrap);

Enable wrapping using wrap().

use yansi::Paint;

painted.wrap();
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fn mask(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::Mask.

Example
println!("{}", value.mask());
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fn wrap(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::Wrap.

Example
println!("{}", value.wrap());
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fn linger(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::Linger.

Example
println!("{}", value.linger());
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fn clear(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::Clear.

Example
println!("{}", value.clear());
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fn bright(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::Bright.

Example
println!("{}", value.bright());
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fn on_bright(&self) -> Painted<&T>

Returns self with the quirk() set to Quirk::OnBright.

Example
println!("{}", value.on_bright());
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fn whenever(&self, value: Condition) -> Painted<&T>

Conditionally enable styling based on whether the Condition value applies. Replaces any previous condition.

See the crate level docs for more details.

Example

Enable styling painted only when both stdout and stderr are TTYs:

use yansi::{Paint, Condition};

painted.red().on_yellow().whenever(Condition::STDOUTERR_ARE_TTY);
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fn new(self) -> Painted<Self>where Self: Sized,

Create a new Painted with a default Style. Read more
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fn paint<S>(&self, style: S) -> Painted<&Self>where S: Into<Style>,

Apply a style wholesale to self. Any previous style is replaced. Read more
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impl<T> ToOwned for Twhere T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.