Trait Ord

pub trait Ord: Eq + PartialOrd<Self> {
    // Required method
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering;

    // Provided methods
    fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized { ... }
    fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized { ... }
    fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized + PartialOrd { ... }
}

Trait for types that form a total order.

Implementations must be consistent with the PartialOrd implementation, and ensure max, min, and clamp are consistent with cmp:

• partial_cmp(a, b) == Some(cmp(a, b)).
• max(a, b) == max_by(a, b, cmp) (ensured by the default implementation).
• min(a, b) == min_by(a, b, cmp) (ensured by the default implementation).
• For a.clamp(min, max), see the method docs (ensured by the default implementation).

It’s easy to accidentally make cmp and partial_cmp disagree by deriving some of the traits and manually implementing others.

Violating these requirements is a logic error. The behavior resulting from a logic error is not specified, but users of the trait must ensure that such logic errors do not result in undefined behavior. This means that unsafe code must not rely on the correctness of these methods.

Corollaries

From the above and the requirements of PartialOrd, it follows that for all a, b and c:

• exactly one of a < b, a == b or a > b is true; and
• < is transitive: a < b and b < c implies a < c. The same must hold for both == and >.

Mathematically speaking, the < operator defines a strict weak order. In cases where == conforms to mathematical equality, it also defines a strict total order.

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive].

When derived on structs, it will produce a lexicographic ordering based on the top-to-bottom declaration order of the struct’s members.

When derived on enums, variants are ordered primarily by their discriminants. Secondarily, they are ordered by their fields. By default, the discriminant is smallest for variants at the top, and largest for variants at the bottom. Here’s an example:

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
enum E {
    Top,
    Bottom,
}

assert!(E::Top < E::Bottom);

However, manually setting the discriminants can override this default behavior:

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
enum E {
    Top = 2,
    Bottom = 1,
}

assert!(E::Bottom < E::Top);

Lexicographical comparison

Lexicographical comparison is an operation with the following properties:

• Two sequences are compared element by element.
• The first mismatching element defines which sequence is lexicographically less or greater than the other.
• If one sequence is a prefix of another, the shorter sequence is lexicographically less than the other.
• If two sequences have equivalent elements and are of the same length, then the sequences are lexicographically equal.
• An empty sequence is lexicographically less than any non-empty sequence.
• Two empty sequences are lexicographically equal.

How can I implement Ord?

Ord requires that the type also be PartialOrd and Eq (which requires PartialEq).

Then you must define an implementation for cmp. You may find it useful to use cmp on your type’s fields.

Here’s an example where you want to sort people by height only, disregarding id and name:

use std::cmp::Ordering;

#[derive(Eq)]
struct Person {
    id: u32,
    name: String,
    height: u32,
}

impl Ord for Person {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.height.cmp(&other.height)
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for Person {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl PartialEq for Person {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.height == other.height
    }
}

Required Methods

fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

By convention, self.cmp(&other) returns the ordering matching the expression self <operator> other if true.

Examples

use std::cmp::Ordering;

assert_eq!(5.cmp(&10), Ordering::Less);
assert_eq!(10.cmp(&5), Ordering::Greater);
assert_eq!(5.cmp(&5), Ordering::Equal);

Provided Methods

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

Returns the second argument if the comparison determines them to be equal.

Examples

assert_eq!(1.max(2), 2);
assert_eq!(2.max(2), 2);

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

Returns the first argument if the comparison determines them to be equal.

Examples

assert_eq!(1.min(2), 1);
assert_eq!(2.min(2), 2);

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

Returns max if self is greater than max, and min if self is less than min. Otherwise this returns self.

Panics

Panics if min > max.

Examples

assert_eq!((-3).clamp(-2, 1), -2);
assert_eq!(0.clamp(-2, 1), 0);
assert_eq!(2.clamp(-2, 1), 1);

Object Safety

This trait is not object safe.

Implementors

impl Ord for AsciiChar

impl Ord for Infallible

impl Ord for IpAddr

impl Ord for SocketAddr

impl Ord for Ordering

impl Ord for bool

impl Ord for char

impl Ord for i8

impl Ord for i16

impl Ord for i32

impl Ord for i64

impl Ord for i128

impl Ord for isize

impl Ord for !

impl Ord for str

Implements ordering of strings.

Strings are ordered lexicographically by their byte values. This orders Unicode code points based on their positions in the code charts. This is not necessarily the same as “alphabetical” order, which varies by language and locale. Sorting strings according to culturally-accepted standards requires locale-specific data that is outside the scope of the str type.

impl Ord for u8

impl Ord for u16

impl Ord for u32

impl Ord for u64

impl Ord for u128

impl Ord for ()

impl Ord for usize

impl Ord for TypeId

impl Ord for CpuidResult

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.

impl Ord for CStr

impl Ord for Error

impl Ord for PhantomPinned

impl Ord for Ipv4Addr

impl Ord for Ipv6Addr

impl Ord for SocketAddrV4

impl Ord for SocketAddrV6

impl Ord for Alignment

impl Ord for Duration

impl<'a> Ord for Location<'a>

impl<A> Ord for &A

where A: Ord + ?Sized,

impl<A> Ord for &mut A

where A: Ord + ?Sized,

impl<Dyn: ?Sized> Ord for DynMetadata<Dyn>

impl<F: FnPtr> Ord for F

impl<Ptr: Deref<Target: Ord>> Ord for Pin<Ptr>

impl<T> Ord for (T₁, T₂, …, Tₙ)

where T: ?Sized + Ord,

This trait is implemented for tuples up to twelve items long.

impl<T> Ord for NonZero<T>

where T: ZeroablePrimitive + Ord,

impl<T, const N: usize> Ord for Simd<T, N>

where LaneCount<N>: SupportedLaneCount, T: SimdElement + Ord,

impl<T: Ord + Copy> Ord for Cell<T>

impl<T: Ord + ?Sized> Ord for ManuallyDrop<T>

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Option<T>

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Poll<T>

impl<T: Ord> Ord for [T]

Implements comparison of slices lexicographically.

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Saturating<T>

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Wrapping<T>

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Reverse<T>

impl<T: Ord, E: Ord> Ord for Result<T, E>

impl<T: Ord, const N: usize> Ord for [T; N]

Implements comparison of arrays lexicographically.

impl<T: ?Sized + Ord> Ord for RefCell<T>

impl<T: ?Sized> Ord for *const T

impl<T: ?Sized> Ord for *mut T

impl<T: ?Sized> Ord for PhantomData<T>

impl<T: ?Sized> Ord for NonNull<T>

impl<Y: Ord, R: Ord> Ord for CoroutineState<Y, R>