Expand description
§The Rust Core Library
The Rust Core Library is the dependency-free1 foundation of The Rust Standard Library. It is the portable glue between the language and its libraries, defining the intrinsic and primitive building blocks of all Rust code. It links to no upstream libraries, no system libraries, and no libc.
The core library is minimal: it isn’t even aware of heap allocation, nor does it provide concurrency or I/O. These things require platform integration, and this library is platform-agnostic.
§How to use the core library
Please note that all of these details are currently not considered stable.
This library is built on the assumption of a few existing symbols:
-
memcpy
,memmove
,memset
,memcmp
,bcmp
,strlen
- These are core memory routines which are generated by Rust codegen backends. Additionally, this library can make explicit calls tostrlen
. Their signatures are the same as found in C, but there are extra assumptions about their semantics: Formemcpy
,memmove
,memset
,memcmp
, andbcmp
, if then
parameter is 0, the function is assumed to not be UB, even if the pointers are NULL or dangling. (Note that making extra assumptions about these functions is common among compilers: clang and GCC do the same.) These functions are often provided by the system libc, but can also be provided by the compiler-builtins crate. Note that the library does not guarantee that it will always make these assumptions, so Rust user code directly calling the C functions should follow the C specification! The advice for Rust user code is to call the functions provided by this library instead (such asptr::copy
). -
rust_begin_panic
- This function takes four arguments, afmt::Arguments
, a&'static str
, and twou32
’s. These four arguments dictate the panic message, the file at which panic was invoked, and the line and column inside the file. It is up to consumers of this core library to define this panic function; it is only required to never return. This requires alang
attribute namedpanic_impl
. -
rust_eh_personality
- is used by the failure mechanisms of the compiler. This is often mapped to GCC’s personality function, but crates which do not trigger a panic can be assured that this function is never called. Thelang
attribute is calledeh_personality
.
Strictly speaking, there are some symbols which are needed but they aren’t always necessary. ↩
Primitive Types§
- A fixed-size array, denoted
[T; N]
, for the element type,T
, and the non-negative compile-time constant size,N
. - The boolean type.
- A character type.
- A 32-bit floating point type (specifically, the “binary32” type defined in IEEE 754-2008).
- A 64-bit floating point type (specifically, the “binary64” type defined in IEEE 754-2008).
- Function pointers, like
fn(usize) -> bool
. - The 8-bit signed integer type.
- The 16-bit signed integer type.
- The 32-bit signed integer type.
- The 64-bit signed integer type.
- The 128-bit signed integer type.
- The pointer-sized signed integer type.
- Raw, unsafe pointers,
*const T
, and*mut T
. - References,
&T
and&mut T
. - A dynamically-sized view into a contiguous sequence,
[T]
. Contiguous here means that elements are laid out so that every element is the same distance from its neighbors. - String slices.
- A finite heterogeneous sequence,
(T, U, ..)
. - The 8-bit unsigned integer type.
- The 16-bit unsigned integer type.
- The 32-bit unsigned integer type.
- The 64-bit unsigned integer type.
- The 128-bit unsigned integer type.
- The
()
type, also called “unit”. - The pointer-sized unsigned integer type.
- f16ExperimentalA 16-bit floating point type (specifically, the “binary16” type defined in IEEE 754-2008).
- f128ExperimentalA 128-bit floating point type (specifically, the “binary128” type defined in IEEE 754-2008).
- neverExperimentalThe
!
type, also called “never”.
Modules§
- Memory allocation APIs
- Utilities for dynamic typing or type reflection.
- SIMD and vendor intrinsics module.
- Utilities for the array primitive type.
- Operations on ASCII strings and characters.
- Utilities for working with borrowed data.
- Shareable mutable containers.
- Utilities for the
char
primitive type. - The
Clone
trait for types that cannot be ‘implicitly copied’. - Utilities for comparing and ordering values.
- Traits for conversions between types.
- The
Default
trait for types with a default value. - Constants for the
f32
single-precision floating point type. - Constants for the
f64
double-precision floating point type. - Platform-specific types, as defined by C.
- Utilities for formatting and printing strings.
- Asynchronous basic functionality.
- Generic hashing support.
- Hints to compiler that affects how code should be emitted or optimized. Hints may be compile time or runtime.
- i8Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
i8
primitive type. - i16Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
i16
primitive type. - i32Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
i32
primitive type. - i64Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
i64
primitive type. - i128Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
i128
primitive type. - isizeDeprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
isize
primitive type. - Composable external iteration.
- Primitive traits and types representing basic properties of types.
- Basic functions for dealing with memory.
- Networking primitives for IP communication.
- Numeric traits and functions for the built-in numeric types.
- Overloadable operators.
- Optional values.
- Panic support in the standard library.
- Types that pin data to a location in memory.
- The core prelude
- This module reexports the primitive types to allow usage that is not possibly shadowed by other declared types.
- Manually manage memory through raw pointers.
- Error handling with the
Result
type. - Slice management and manipulation.
- String manipulation.
- Synchronization primitives
- Types and Traits for working with asynchronous tasks.
- Temporal quantification.
- u8Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
u8
primitive type. - u16Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
u16
primitive type. - u32Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
u32
primitive type. - u64Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
u64
primitive type. - u128Deprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
u128
primitive type. - usizeDeprecation plannedRedundant constants module for the
usize
primitive type. - assert_matchesExperimentalUnstable module containing the unstable
assert_matches
macro. - async_iterExperimentalComposable asynchronous iteration.
- errorExperimentalInterfaces for working with Errors.
- f16ExperimentalConstants for the
f16
half-precision floating point type. - f128ExperimentalConstants for the
f128
quadruple-precision floating point type. - intrinsicsExperimentalCompiler intrinsics.
- ioExperimentalTraits, helpers, and type definitions for core I/O functionality.
- panickingExperimentalPanic support for core
- patExperimentalHelper module for exporting the
pattern_type
macro - simdExperimentalPortable SIMD module.
- unicodeExperimental
Macros§
- Asserts that a boolean expression is
true
at runtime. - Asserts that two expressions are equal to each other (using
PartialEq
). - Asserts that two expressions are not equal to each other (using
PartialEq
). - Evaluates boolean combinations of configuration flags at compile-time.
- Expands to the column number at which it was invoked.
- Causes compilation to fail with the given error message when encountered.
- Concatenates literals into a static string slice.
- Asserts that a boolean expression is
true
at runtime. - Asserts that two expressions are equal to each other.
- Asserts that two expressions are not equal to each other.
- Inspects an environment variable at compile time.
- Expands to the file name in which it was invoked.
- Constructs parameters for the other string-formatting macros.
- Parses a file as an expression or an item according to the context.
- Includes a file as a reference to a byte array.
- Includes a UTF-8 encoded file as a string.
- Expands to the line number on which it was invoked.
- Returns whether the given expression matches the provided pattern.
- Expands to a string that represents the current module path.
- Optionally inspects an environment variable at compile time.
- Panics the current thread.
- Stringifies its arguments.
- Indicates unfinished code.
- tryDeprecatedUnwraps a result or propagates its error.
- Indicates unimplemented code by panicking with a message of “not implemented”.
- Indicates unreachable code.
- Writes formatted data into a buffer.
- Write formatted data into a buffer, with a newline appended.
- cfg_matchExperimentalA macro for defining
#[cfg]
match-like statements. - concat_bytesExperimentalConcatenates literals into a byte slice.
- concat_identsExperimentalConcatenates identifiers into one identifier.
- const_format_argsExperimentalSame as
format_args
, but can be used in some const contexts. - format_args_nlExperimentalSame as
format_args
, but adds a newline in the end. - log_syntaxExperimentalPrints passed tokens into the standard output.
- pattern_typeExperimentalCreates a pattern type.
- trace_macrosExperimentalEnables or disables tracing functionality used for debugging other macros.